Acceso inicial
El escenario que se va a suponer es un ordenador conectado a una de las interfaces del Router (IP 192.168.1.1).
Desde la máquina linux ejecutamos telnet .
telnet 192 . 168 . 1 . 1
El router nos pedirá usuario y contraseña.
User: usuario
Password :***********
Una vez que hemos accedido se nos mostrará el modelo del router y la versión de software , para finalmente disponer del prompt para introducir comandos.
router *
Pulsando ‘?’ veremos el las opciones disponibles.
router *?
config Edit configuration parameters , without altering the
operation
flush Clears all the messages stored up to that moment in the
events buffer
intercept Change the procedures escape character
load Reload the program from the flash memory
logout Ends the Telnet connection established with the device
monitor Monitor the state of the system
process Access to a different device procedure
restart Restart the device
running - config Edit configuration parameters , altering the operation
status Displays the names and identifiers of each procedure
telnet Do a telnet
vrf - telnet Do a telnet from a secondary vrf
Para cambiar el modo de operación podemos usar process ?
router * process ?
1 Starting point on booting a console session
2 Display events produced in the system
3 Monitor the state of the system
4 Edit configuration parameters , without altering the operation
5 Edit configuration parameters , altering the operation
6 Process information
Modo monitorización (process 3 )
Para acceder al modo monitorización pulsamos
router * process 3
Console Operator
router +
El signo ‘+’ indica que hemos cambiado de modo de operación. Ahora obtendremos los comandos disponibles de un modo similar al anterior.
router +?
buffer Packet buffers assigned to each interface
clear Clear network statistics
configuration List status of current protocols and interfaces
device List statistics for the specified interface
error List error counters
event Event Logging System environment
feature Access to monitoring commands for router features
last - config - changes Display the last changes made in the configuration
log Dump log data
malloc - monitor Malloc monitor information
memory Display memory , buffer and packet data
network Enter the console environment of a specified network
node Enter the node monitoring environment
protocol Enter the commands environment for a specified
protocol
queue Display buffer statistics for a specified interface
quick Access the quick menu monitoring
statistics Display statistics for a specified interface
system Permit monitoring of the systems memory and stacks
telephony Monitoring environment for the telephony functions
uci Encryption statistics
web - probe Access the Web poll monitoring
Podemos empezar haciendo una prueba de ping para ello.
router + ping
IP destination [] ? 8 . 8 . 8 . 8
IP source ( 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 suggested , 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 for dynamic ) [ 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 ] ? 0 . 0 . 0 . 0
Number of data bytes [ 56 ] ?
Differentiated Services Field [ 0 ] ?
Time between pings ( >= 10 ms )[ 1000 ] ?
Number of pings [ 0 ] ?
Time out ( >= 10 ms )[ 0 ] ?
Avoid fragmentation [ no ]( Yes / No ) [ N ] ?
Para cancelar el ping debemos pulsar intro o exit e intro desde otros modos.
El comando device muestra los errores en las interfaces.
router + device
Auto - test Auto - test Maintenance
Interface CSR Vect valids failures failures
ethernet0 / 0 0 0 4 0 0
cellular1 / 0 0 0 2 1 0
cellular1 / 1 1 0 2 1 0
ppp1 0 0 11 10 0
Es posible explorar más en profundiad una interfaz con network ‘interfaz’
router + network ethernet0 / 0
router ethernet0 / 0 ETH +?
bdescs List descriptors
bitrate Bit rate monitor
clear Clear information
counters List device counters
dot1x Access to 802 . 1 X monitoring
dump Dump internal stats
llc Access to llc monitoring
oam Ethernet OAM monitoring
repeater - switch Access to switch monitoring
status List interface status
exit
Cada interfaz tiene distintas opciones.
router + network cellular1 / 1
router cellular1 / 1 AT +?
at - mode Send AT commands directly to the module
bdescs List descriptors
bitrate Bit rate monitor
buffer Display saved commands and answers
clear Clear interface and module parameters
command Send AT command to the module
dump Dump internal stats
list List interface and module parameters
power - module Module power control
qmi QMI options
sms SMS menu
statistics Interface statistics
exit
Para ver la potencia en una conexión radio
router cellular1 / 1 AT + network status
Querying ... Please wait ...
Registration state : Home network
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network code : xxxxx
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network name : operador
Cell Location Area Code 0 xXXXX ( xxxx ), Identification 0 xXXXX ( xxx )
System Mode WCDMA , Service domain : PS
Network technology currently in use : HSDPA / HSUPA
Receive signal code power of the active set ' s strongest cells ( RSCP ) : - 59 dBm
Total energy per chip per power density value of set ' s strongest cells ( EcIo ) : - 2 . 0 dB
Last EcIo measured in WCDMA DATA mode : - 3 . 5 dB
Primary Scrambling Code ( PSC ) 0 xXXXX ( xx )
Operational status
Current Time : 140100 Temperature : 40
Bootup Time : 516 Mode : ONLINE
System mode : WCDMA PS state : Attached
WCDMA band : IMT2000 GSM band : Unknown
WCDMA channel : 10713 GSM channel : 65535
GMM ( PS ) state : REGISTERED NORMAL SERVICE
MM ( CS ) state : IDLE NORMAL SERVICE
WCDMA L1 State : L1M_PCH_SLEEP RRC State : DISCONNECTED
RX level ( dBm ) :- 57
Coverage level : 5 ( ***** )
Protocolo IP
Accedemos mediante este comando.
router + protocol ip
Notese que cambia el prompt .
router IP +?
access - controls IP access control mode and configured access control
records
aggregation - route Configured aggregation routes
bping Broadcast ping
cache Cached routing table
counters IP statistics
dump - routing - table Routing table
interface - addresses IP interface addresses
ipsec IPSec monitoring
nat NAT monitoring
ping Send ping queries to any other host
pool Address pool established in the router and ranges of
addresses reserved
proxy - igmp Proxy IGMP monitoring
route - given - address Existing routes for a specific destination IP address
sizes Size of specific IP parameters
static - routes Configured static routes
tcp - list List of TCP connections
traceroute Complete path to a particular destination
tvrp TVRP monitoring
udp - list List of registered UDP ports
vrf IP monitoring in a VPN Routing / Forwarding instance
vrrp VRRP monitoring
exit
El comando cache es similar a ip accounting de Cisco.
router IP + cache ?
Destination Usage Next hop
207 . 46 . 193 . 115 98 207 . 46 . 193 . 115 ( ppp1 )
160 . 46 . 253 . 107 147 160 . 46 . 253 . 107 ( ppp1 )
50 . 22 . 210 . 154 3 50 . 22 . 210 . 154 ( ppp1 )
10 . 96 . 223 . 22 4 10 . 96 . 223 . 22 ( ethernet0 / 0 )
157 . 55 . 231 . 252 10 157 . 55 . 231 . 252 ( ppp1 )
213 . 199 . 148 . 230 5 213 . 199 . 148 . 230 ( ppp1 )
10 . 96 . 223 . 32 424 10 . 96 . 223 . 32 ( ethernet0 / 0 )
10 . 96 . 223 . 50 75 10 . 96 . 223 . 50 ( ethernet0 / 0 )
Para ver las IP de las interfaces ejecutamos los que sigue.
router IP + interface - addresses
Interface IP Addresses :
-----------------------
ethernet0 / 0 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 / 24
ppp1 unnumbered - using global - address ( 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 )
Special IP Addresses :
---------------------
internal - address 0 . 0 . 0 . 0
management - address 10 . 0 . 0 . 1
router - id 0 . 0 . 0 . 0
global - address 8 . 8 . 8 . 8
Para mostrar la tabla de rutas.
router IP + dump - routing - table
Type Dest net / Mask Cost Age Next hop ( s )
stat ( 1 )[ 0 ] 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 / 0 [ 60 / 1 ] 0 ppp1
sbnt ( 0 )[ 0 ] 2 . 0 . 0 . 0 / 8 [ 240 / 1 ] 0 none
dir ( 0 )[ 1 ] 1 . 0 . 0 . 1 / 32 [ 0 / 1 ] 0 snk
dir ( 0 )[ 1 ] 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 / 24 [ 0 / 1 ] 0 ethernet0 / 0
Default gateway in use .
Type Cost Age Next hop
stat 1 0 ppp1
Routing table size : 7 nets ( 728 bytes ), 4 nets known , 4 shown
Protocolo HSRP/TVRP
router IP + tvrp
router TVRP + list all
===== Global TVRP Parameters =====
TVRP is currently : ENABLED
TVRP port ( UDP ) : 1985
Virtual redirects : ENABLED
Unknown packets : 4
Authentication Failed packets : 0
===== List of TVRP groups =====
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| TVRP GROUP : 1 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
Virtual IP : 192 . 168 . 1 . 3
Virtual MAC : 00 - 00 - 0 c - 07 - ac - 01
Current local IP / Interface : 192 . 168 . 1 . 1
ACTIVE Router : 192 . 168 . 1 . 1
STANDBY Router : 192 . 168 . 1 . 2
Hellotime : 3 Holdtime : 10
TVRP state : STANDBY Previous state : SPEAK
Currently RUNNING Last event : HELO_EXP
Initial : 1 Learn : 0 Listen : 1
Speak : 2 Standby : 2 Active : 1
Hello messages --> sent : 46660 , received : 51616
Coup messages ---> sent : 0 , received : 2
Resign messages -> sent : 1 , received : 0
Protocolo ARP
De forma similar al protocolo IP.
router + protocol arp
router ARP + dump ethernet0 / 0
ARP entries for IP protocol
MAC address IP address Timeout ( min )
00 - 00 - 00 - 00 - 00 - 00 192 . 168 . 1 . 2 200
Modo configuración
Para salir de un modo de configuración previo pulsaremos Ctrl+p
router Config >?
add Create a virtual interface
autoinstall Set autoinstall parameters
backup - files Perform backup router system files
banner Define a banner
config - media Select the active storage device
confirm - cfg Confirms current configuration
confirm - cfg - needed Enables the need of configuration confirmation
copy Copies Running Configuration to Static Configuration
description Configuration description
disable Disable specific features
dump - command - errors View command line errors
enable Enable specific features
event Record those events you wish to be stored
feature Additional features of the router
file Access the files present in the device
firmware - checking Enables cheching when firmware files are required
format Format a storage unit in the device
global - profiles Defines the router PPP , ATM etc profiles
licence - change Changes current licence
list Lists all kind of information
log - command - errors Start logging command line errors
network Access the commands menu to configure a specific
interface
no Negate a command or set its defaults
node Access the X25 or XOT node configuration
privilege Defines command privilege parameters
protocol Access the configuration environment of a specific
protocol
save Store the configuration in the active storage unit
set Configure various general parameters
strong - password Enable strong password
telephony Set VoIP telephony parameters
time Change and check the date and time
uci UCI configuration
unset - demo - licence Disable demo licence and return to base licence
user Create a registered user
end Configuration end
Para mostrar la configuración.
router Config > show config
.
.
.
Con esto termina la entrada de introducción.